Efeito do sistema de preparo da área, nas propriedades químicas do solo e na produtividade, com alternativa para a agricultura familiar no município de Igarapé-Açú.

Abstract

In the Amazonian, the inadequate handling of the soil has been provoking harmful alterations to the different ecosystems, bringing great concern in the sense of establishing processes and mechanisms that subsidize actions for the economical exploration of the area. In this context, the agroforestry systems have been recommended in the Amazonian Brazilian, as an alternative of use of the soil, in maintainable bases. The results of that process reflect the current situation of the Amazonian Brazilian, that in the last decades it is being the center of world attention, for the indiscriminate use of their natural resources and their ecological and social implications, as the earth conflicts. The predominant agricultural system, among the small producers, “is it of cut, it burns and pousio, what has been committing the sustainability of the system. After the deforestation, the decreases in the tenors of nutrients and of organic matter of the soils they happen in an accentuated way. In addition, the lack of efficient public politics, that he/she treats the maintainable development of the forests and of the rational and correct use of the soil, it is other factor that has harming the economical interests of the area. The increase of degraded agricultural areas has been taking the change of conception of the use of the earth, of an agriculture less impactante to the atmosphere, with the continuous and growing use of fertilizers chemical, corrective and defensive agricultural they are the responsible for the accelerated degradation and consequent to weaken of the soil. Because of that, he/she becomes necessary that you/they grow appropriate agricultural systems to contribute to his/her recovery and with technologies capable to improve the production factors. The adoption of the alternative systems, found in the absence of the movement of the soil and in the maintenance of organic residues in the surface. The evaluation of the fertility of the soil under different handling systems has relevant importance to. determine the appropriate use of the soil. Though, in the soils of the Amazonian, they are still scarce the results on the effect of the cleaning of the earth in small properties. In face of those observations, the present work had as general objective to evaluate the effect of the system of area preparation in the chemical properties of the soil, defining the best system for the use of the family agriculture;, to evaluate and to study the treatments that better they behave in the use of the soil for the family agriculture; to evaluate the effect of the organic matter in the improvement of the chemical characteristics of the soil, through the covering use died (mulch), of the use of fertilizers, as complement for the improvement of the chemical characteristics of the soil; to analyze which the best obtained treatment of the use of the soil without it burns, through the obtained statistical analyses and if the system cuts and trituration has larger recovery capacity and improvement of the chemical characteristics of the soil.