Dinâmica do desflorestamento e estrutura da paisagem de áreas protegidas em região de intensa pressão antrópica na Amazônia Oriental.

Abstract

Protected areas are defined according to biotic and abiotic factors, as well as their socioeconomic and cultural importance. The management of these areas should be fulfilled in a differentiated way, following the specific legislation for protected areas. In recent years these areas have become increasingly exposed to externai factors, especially when located in a region of intense anthropic pressure. Therefore, the protect areas of Environmental Protection Área Triunfo do Xingu (APA-TX) and Ecological Station Terra do Meio (ESECTM), and the unprotected areas of Altamira e São Félix do Xingu were defined for this study area. The established scientific question were: Protected areas inserted in a context of intense anthropic pressure, when compared to unprotected areas, are able to comply with what is proposed in the legislation to contain the growth of deforestation (Q1)? Are these conservation units efficient to guarantee the sustainable use and preservation of natural resources (Q2)? The established hypotheses were that deforestation is intense in protected areas located in a region of intense anthropic pressure and in these regions the dynamics of deforestation do not differ much between protected and unprotected areas, so they do not comply with the objective proposed in the legislation (H1). Protected areas generally become exposed to anthropogenic pressure by compromising the sustainable use and preservation of their natural resources (H2). The objective of this research was to evaluate the dynamics of deforestation and evaluate the landscape structure of APA-TX and ESEC-TM between 2005 and 2018, using data from PRODES and landscape methcs. From the results it can be concluded that in APA-TX deforestation was accentuated and the landscape structure became quite fragmented considehng the study pehod. The integral protection area (ESEC-TM) was more efficient in containing deforestation compared to the sustainable use area (APA-TX). In general, both are exposed to anthropogenic pressure, compromising the sustainable use and preservation of the natural resources of these protected areas. Therefore, special attention is required for areas within a context of intense anthropic pressure, as well as the intensification of government supervision of these areas.