Potencial da serapilheira na emergência e crescimento de plântulas na área de exploração de bauxita, Paragominas-PA.

Abstract

The exploitation of minerais is of great importance to the world economy and Brazil. In this context the bauxite ore stands out for being present in large Brazilian reserves, and contribute to the country occupies an important position in this scenario. However mineral exploration involves serious damage to the environment, mainly related to changes in the landscape and soil, which are practically irreversible. In this context, the present study evaluated the potential of litter in the emergence and seedling growth in bauxite exploration area. For the floristic survey were installed 12 sample units of 20 x 50 m (1000 m2), and experimental design were installed 24 samples of 5x2 m (240 m2), located in the Plateau Miltonia 3 Mining company Paragominas SA, Paragominas, PA. The floristic survey of the forest fragment individual trees DAP<10 were raised, and obtained data common name, DAP and total height, was made after the scientific determination of the species. It was also ascertained sampling sufficiency across the bow species area. The experimental design was applied blocks with five treatments: The first TI (consisting of topsoil), the second T2 (Topsoil with burlap), T3 (Topsoil more litter fertilized with NPK), and T4 (Topsoil covered with burlap by shading). After collection to characterize the floristic and structural analysis of forest fragment and in the design, species were classified into ecological groups and ways of life. The floristic survey were recorded 320 individuais classified into 29 families, 44 genera and 46 species defined and 4 morphospecies, equivalent to 41 species / ha, 90% of species trees, shrubs 8%, and 2% palm trees, 30% late secondary 30% and 28% pioneering early secondary, with the Fabaceae family the richest and Inga Alba the species that presented the highest number of individuais in the area. In the experiment, the three-month evaluation were recorded in all treatments, 656 individuais belonging to 20 families, 22 genera and 27 species. At six-month evaluation were recorded 228 individuais belonging to 18 families, 18 genera and 20 species. The group of pioneers at three and six month evaluation, presented respectively 71% and 73% of the recorded species. In the first quarter 41% of the species were shrubs, 32% trees, herbs 23% and 4% lianas. In the evaluations made at six months 41% were trees, shrubs 33%, 11% grass, 13% and 15%. The three-month evaluation was recorded 2.73 ind.m2, while the six months was up 0.95 ind.m2. The T4 was the treatment that recorded the highest number of regenerating individuais (3.95 ind.m2)