Estrutura fitossociológica e uso tradicional de espécies não madeireiras na Área de Concessão Florestal Mamuru-Arapiuns, Estado do Pará.

Abstract

The areas subjected to forest concession can be seen as potential suppliers of non timber forest products - NTFPs. Located m westem Pará, the area of Mamuru - Arapiuns presents potential for offering multiple use forest products, demand emerging from studies that were to support the plarming participatory forest, mainly for the choices of species with potential non-timber to be managed. Criteria were adopted as bfting stock of forest products in these areas; redemption of information held by the community about the use of natural resources through the socioeconomic survey, and a survey of the potential market for these products. To meet this demand, there was a forest inventory sample in managed forest, which has the potential for multiple use species as Oenocarpus distichus, Euterpe oleracea, Copaifera reticulata, Tetragastris altíssima and Geissospermum sericeum. The survey of the use and saíe allowed the rescue of local knowledge of species use by communities, whereas relationship existed among species and uses related communities. The market investigation has shown that trade relationship already existed for some species, especially in the area of Mamuru. Marketed products include bark, oils, seeds, exudates, roots and other byproducts. We suggest the implementation of a forest management policy on a small scale for NTFPs, which allows the regulation ofthese products and thus encourage sustainable, primarily through community forestry family. For the traditional people who live in the area, the use of NTFPs, if performed with practices and techniques, can prove as an alternative income generating highly potential, able to generate income to villagers, besides ensuring food security and continued traditional use oftree species present in the forest types ofthe area, as defined the initial hypothesis ofthis study.

The use of the forest in the Amazon region is conditioned upon the achievement of forest management. In this sense, we evaluated the potential of a managed forest concession area of Mamuru-Arapiuns. We sampled 2144 individuais belonging to 40 species and 19 plant families. The richest families were Fahaceae and Arecaceae. The floristic similarity hetween the types studied was 68%. Among the species that were grouped stood out: Geissospermum sericeum and Copaifera reticulata crosslinked to be present in ali forest types and have potential for medicinal use. As for food use Oenocarpus bacaba and Euterpe oleracea are present in three ofthe four forest types studied. The density of individuais was estimated at 68.69 ind.ha-1 and basal area was 5.53 m2.ha-1.The forest keeps inventory of non-timber species with potential for use by traditional populations. It is recommended that Copaifera reticulata, Tetragastris altíssima and Geissospermum sericeum, which were present in almost ali forest types, with significant ecological importance, are considered during the planning and implementation offorest management and Oenocarpus distichus and Euterpe oleracea, were the use of non-timber species, more significant, considering the number of individuais known and potential uses. The knowledge ofthe stock ofnon-timber species can promote the exploitation ofthese products, both those that have commercial value recognized in the market, such as might come to be an important source ofincome for traditional communities, the surrounding forest concessions.

Non-timber forest products - NTFPs can contribute to the development of traditional, from its use by communities and marketing and income generation families. However, one limitation is the marketing ofthese products, and studies that support the actions according to the marketing potential ofthe same. To meet the demand for information NTFP in Mamuru Arapiuns-region of West Pará, we sampled 20% ofthe families, we attempted to record the plant species and their uses, demand and trade vision of community in relation to NTFPs, whose representation allowed to obtain qualitative and quantitativo data offorest products, including bark, oil, straw and other by-products. In Arapiuns, the species most ffequently cited were Oenocarpm distichus, Astrocaryum chambira, Mauritia flexuosa, Copaifera reticnlata, Jessenia bataua, Himatanthus sucuuba. The use of oil was the most frequent (28.8%), followed by bark (26.6%) and straw (20%). In Mamuru, Oenocarpiis distichus, Euterpe oleracea, Aniba canelilla Himatanthus sucuuba, Brosimum parinarioides, Jessenia bataua Aspidosperma sp., Bertholletia excelsa and Endopleura uchi were the most cited, Among the most used the bark and fruit were 37, 1% of citations each. The Mamuru presented a greater number of species traded (20) with respect to Arapiuns (12), as well as higher values for products and byproducts. We suggest the implementation of a forest management policy for NTFPs, which allows the regulation of these products and thus encourage sustainable, primarily through community forestry family.