Mamíferos de Médio e Grande Porte na Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Pará: riqueza, abundância e efeitos da fitofisionomia e do impacto da mineração

Abstract

The National Forest of Carajás is a federal conservation unit located in the southeast of the Amazon, northern Brazil. Together with other five areas make up the mosaic of Carajás with a continuum of 1.307 million hectares of protected area. The main vegetation types present within the unit are the Dense Montane Forest and Savana Metalófila. The unit houses the largest mineral reserves in the world. Mining activity promotes different impacts on fauna mainly by alteration of the landscape caused by vegetation removal and stacking sterile. The aim of this work was to study the composition of the mammal community of medium and large through the collection of information about richness, abundance and differences between vegetation types in the mammalian species composition of Savana Metalófila and Dense Montane Forest and its changes caused by the impact. Were conducted four campaigns and 19 tracks that were distributed in areas of Savana Metalófila and Dense Montane Forest impacted and control. The methodology used was to line- transect and camera trapping employee with a total effort of 432 km and 85.920 hours for each method, respectively. The mammal community of medium and large showed 43 species in eight orders, showing an increase of 41% of new registrations for the region. The community composition of mammal species show differences in richness and abundance of species in two vegetation types and the effect of the impact of mining. This work has brought about improvements to the list of mammalian species of medium and large size and increased knowledge about the composition of this fauna in environments of forest and savanna in the Carajás National Forest. Brought information about the impacts on mammals and identified important sensitivities of some species facing the mining, contributing to the quest for balance between mining and conservation.