Conversão in vitro de embriões zigóticos de híbrido de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineenses x E.oleifera) em plântulas

Abstract

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is the one ofthe main species for cultivation in the devastated areas. However, the plant has two big barriers for the increase of cultivated areas in Para State that are a disease known as fatal yellowing (AF) and the great difficulties in the acquisition of seed hybrids. Within the program of genetic improvement, there is interspecific hybridization between the two main species, Elaeis guineensis and E. oleifera and the results ofthese crosses are the generation of hybrids with resistance to AF, though with the serious problem; the seeds demonstrate low germination reaching about 30% only. Therefore, the objective ofthis study, it was to apply the techniques oftissue culture to convert in vitro zygotic embryos of hybrid oil palm (E. guineensis and E. oleifera) in seedlings. Zygotic embryos were inoculated hybrid oil palm (Elaeis guineensis x E. oleifera) in four differences culture media, evaluating the responses of germination and seedling development, and the data were evaluated throughout of analysis of variance and comparison Tukey test with average 5% probability. The total of 31 hybrids inoculated in both experiments, only 6 germinated. Hybrid CN 470 did not show contamination neither lower oxidation treatments in MS and ¹/² Y3. The hybrid CM 887 did not suffer oxidation in the culture media used. The overall average germination ofhybrids reached about 75%. The hybrid CN 514, in the Y3 culture médium demonstrated the highest conversion rate of zygotic embryos into plantlets (100%), and it was observed a great influence of genotype on in vitro germination. The seedlings of hybrid CN 470 showed greater development ofroot length (5.63), while the genotype CM 887 showed the better results in terms of height, reaching the average growíh of 3.1 cm. Aí three moníhs is possibíe to íransfer embryos of hybrid oil palm seedlings in the techniques oftissue culture throughout the culture of zygotic embryo.