Potencial bioestimulante de Trichoderma spp. na cultura do jambu.

Abstract

Jambu is a leafy vegetable with enormous versatility of use, showing potential both for fresh food and for industrial exploitation, due to the biosynthesis of spilanthol. However, its productivity varies according to the type of management adopted in the cultivation environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biostimulant potential of Trichoderma spp. in promoting growth, productivity and spilanthol content in local varieties of jambu. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out divided into two trials, where in trial I the characterization of biostimulated and non-biostimulated seedlings was performed. In the second trial, the seedlings were transplanted in a greenhouse, adopting a randomized block design, in a 3x4+3 factorial scheme, with four replicates, the first factor being composed of the jambu varieties and the second by the biostimulants, with three additional ones, without inoculation. In the seedling phase, we evaluated plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves. In the field, the days to flowering, physiological parameters, vegetative development, biomass production and spilanthol content were evaluated. The Jamb03-MIX treatment was grouped separately, due to the responses for height and diameter of the seedling stem. The physiological parameters were significant only for the variety factor. There was precocity of flowering in Jamb-17 plants biostimulated with MIX. The growth characteristics and biomass production of the aerial part were superior in the Jamb16-IBLF006 and Jamb16-MIX treatments, influencing the grouping. The principal component analysis separated Jamb-03 based on inflorescence productivity and internal CO2 concentration. Jamb03-MIX had superior inflorescence production compared to the other varieties biostimulated with MIX. The spilanthol content in the inflorescences of Jamb17-MIX was superior to the additional. On the other hand, the responses of spilanthol in Jamb-03 and Jamb-16 were regulated by intrinsic factors of the variety. Therefore, we found that the inoculation of Trichoderma spp. in jambu can promote the development of more vigorous seedlings, with early flowering in the field, biomass accumulation, and modulation in spilanthol biosynthesis. However, the results are conditioned by the specificity of the interaction.