Distribuição espacial e temporal do amarelecimento fatal em plantio orgânico e convencional de palma de óleo.

Abstract

The oil palm is a major source of vegetable oil for the industry worldwide. It is one of the best alternatives to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and one of the most important inputs for the food industry. In Latin America, oil palm plantations suffer from the incidence of fatal yellowing (AF). The pathosystem involving AF is the main phytosanitary problem in countries such as Colombia, Brazil and Suriname. In Brazil, the main oil palm producer is the state of Pará. Over the last 41 years several studies have been undertaken to identify the source of the problem but to no avail. There is a need to develop control strategies for AF based on the dispersion process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of fatal yellowing in organic cultivation of palm oil in the municipality of Acará-PA. The study was conducted during the period 2012-2013, plants being evaluated in four installments, writing down one (1) for the presence of AF in plants and zero (O) absence. The plants were georeferenced to prepare maps of the distribution of plants with AF. The results were analyzed by the test "ordinary runs", "dublets" and quadrants. Geostatistical analysis was also used as well as the modeling of temporal dispersion process to adjust the mathematical models. The study showed that the AF occurs random in 70% of the evaluated lines. The geostatistics analysis indicates that the AF has weak ageregation, and the spherical model the best fit. The operating range was 220 meters. The temporal evolution of the AF set to monomolecular model. The study contributed to the understanding of the dispersion process cases of AF at baseline in organic and conventional tillage.