Caracterização multitemporal da temperatura de superfície da região metropolitana de Belém/PA.

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize and analyze the spatial thermal effects in the metropolitan area of the city of Belem, from Landsat 5 and 8 platform data and surface data in the years 1984, 1994, 2004 and 2014 and, the relationship between the variation in the vegetation index and surface temperature. Is to develop research, were used as methodological procedure, surface temperature values, obtained through thermal images of the TM sensor and OLI / TIRS the Landsat 5 and 8, respectively, and air temperature data from the weather station of the National Institute of Belem of Meteorology (INMET / second DISME.) and geocartographic data used for determining the vegetation Index - NDVI. The results were satisfactory compared to other studies. The surface temperature analysis according to the spatial distribution of the movie images resulted in a significant change in temperature, ranging from <= 18 ° C to > = 30 ° C, at the times and days of taking pictures. Comparing the average surface temperature with the air temperature and average weather, we could perceive the change in temperature in °C for 30 years, pointing maximums around 28.16 ° C in the year 2004 the information observed by INMET, while the image recorded a value of 26, 65 ° C in the same year while maintaining a average worth of Climatology 25, 77 ° C. Regarding the NDVI varied between -1 and +1 being laid in color, showed a good result in terms of the visual aspect ratios, determining an average of 18.6% for class "without vegetation" ; a variation between the years 1984 and 2014, registering a value of 4% and 29.54%, respectively, for class "Average vegetation coverage" and a variation of 77.94% in 1984 and 52% in the year 2014, and the "Dense Vegetation Cover" class. Regarding the soil profile, within the municipality of Belém, the results showed that this city has undergone variations in temperature values significantly as this occurred because the last 30 years, have undergone major changes, both in infrastructure, as increased land use. It can be concluded that remote sensing has provided the climate study from the use of thermal images of weather satellites to map surface temperature. Among the causes of the increase in surface temperature, removal of vegetation is one of the most relevant and can provide subsidy for environmental management and planning.