Distribuição espaço-temporal de pragas em palmeiras de importância econômica na Amazônia

Abstract

Brazilian Amazon has a large number of species of cultivated palm trees family Areacaceae, which are of great ecological and economic importance, some of which are very useful for its local population. Among these cultivated palms, the culture of coconut, oil palm and açaí deserves to be highlighted, which has great visibility in the national and international market. However, these palms suffer from several attacks of pests and diseases, with emphasis on the cultivation of coconut and oil palm, which has significant losses when there is no effective method of controlling these, becoming a limiting factor for their production. In view of this, the present study aims to (i) evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of Phytomonas-wilt in commercial coconut orchards, in the municipality of Moju (PA), Brazil, from 2004 to 2016; and (ii) to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of the incidence of Rhynchophorus Palmarum in a commercial oil palm plantation plot in the municipality of Moju (PA). The monitoring of Phytomonas wilt in the coconut culture is carried out by the employees who inspect all plants cultivated monthly, and those found with symptoms are immediately removed from the area and noted, from these data a database was created, accounting occurrences of plants with symptoms of Phytomonas wilt disease in the years 2004 to 2016. For the sampling of the insect R.s palmarum, monthly collections were carried out from adults, from June 2013 to May 2014, using bucket-type traps. aggregation pheromone and food attraction. After sampling, a geospatial database was created, with local coordinates (latitude and longitude) for each plant and trap evaluated. The spatial distribution of both Phytomonas-wilt disease and R. palmarum were considered aggregated. The maps of spatial distribution of kriging and LISA cluster indicate that the areas of the edge of the planting block close to native vegetation are areas of greater incidence of the pest and the emergence of cases of disease, therefore they must be taken into account when creating management tactics. pests and diseases.