DSpace Communidade: Programa de Pós-Graduação Integrado em Zootecnia nos Trópicos (antigo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Animal na Amazônia (PPGPAA) - Parauapebas.

Suplementação com gordura protegida durante a segunda metade da gestação em ovelhas sobre a expressão gênica, perfil histológico e qualidade de carne da progênie.

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Suplementação com gordura protegida durante a segunda metade da gestação em ovelhas sobre a expressão gênica, perfil histológico e qualidade de carne da progênie. Autor(es): MIRANDA, Andrey de Sousa Abstract: Maternal nutrition provided by the availability of nutrients in the diet during pregnancy can directly affect the progeny on performance characteristics and meat quality, a mechanism known as fetal programming. Based on this, the objective was to evaluate the effects of calcium salt supplementation of soybean oil in the maternal diet of crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês ewes during the second half of gestation on maternal and offspring gene expression; as well as the meat quality and histological profile of the offspring. At 75 ± days of gestation, 43 multiparous ewes (44.10 ± 6.87 kg BW, 2 ± 1 parturition) hairless (Dorper × Santa Inês crossbred) pregnant with females (n = 18) and males (n = 25 ), were allocated to individual pens and randomly assigned to the following treatments: (1) Control (CON; n = 21) – supply of a basal diet formulated to meet the basic nutritional requirements of pregnant ewes with a single lamb, or (2) Supplementation ( CSSO; n = 22) – basal diet plus supplementation with Ca salts of soybean oil (rumen-protected fat) receiving daily 1.5g/kg of body weight (5% based on DM. Adipose and muscle tissue of the progeny at 15 days of age and at slaughter for the evaluation of myogenic, fibrogenic, adipogenic, and gluconeogenic markers. At slaughter, samples of the Longissimus lumborum muscle were also collected for determination from the hi profile histological and qualitative aspects of meat. There was interaction (P < 0.05) for area, perimeter and diameter of the progeny muscle fibers, with favorable responses observed for CSSO females compared to the other treatments. There was a trend of sexual dimorphism on the histological profile of subcutaneous adipose tissue, in which females showed ~24% and 12% higher adipocyte area and perimeter (P < 0.10) than males, respectively. However, the fat cell population tended to be ~14% lower (P = 0.08) in females. There was an interaction effect on the relative expression of ZFP423 (P < 0.001) in female progenies from CSSO mothers at birth and PPARy (P < 0.001) for samples at slaughter. Furthermore, the myogenesis of CSSO progenies was affected by having higher mRNA expression for MyOG (P = 0.05). Progenies from CSSO mothers showed lower expression of the type I fiber marker (MyHC I) and higher PPARy (P = 0.01). CSSO progenies showed greater subcutaneous fat thickness (EGS, P = 0.04), maximum fat thickness over Longissimus lumborum (measured GR; P = 0.05) and total losses (cooking and thawing; P = 0.04) that CON Consistent with these responses, higher mean values of visceral fat deposition and carcass coverage (P < 0.001) were observed in females, in addition to higher EGS and carcass GR measure (P = 0.02). Therefore, maternal nutrition with calcium salts from soybean oil during the second half of pregnancy alters fetal growth and trajectory in a sex-dependent manner, due to the modification in the potential for postnatal development of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Estudo de polimorfismos nos genes CSN1S1 e CSN3 em fêmeas bubalinas de padrão racial Murrah.

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Estudo de polimorfismos nos genes CSN1S1 e CSN3 em fêmeas bubalinas de padrão racial Murrah. Autor(es): MEDEIROS, Natalia Bianca Caires Abstract: The characteristics of milk are controlled by several genes, with emphasis on the four casein genes, CSN1S1; CSN1S2; CSN2 and CSN3, which are responsible for encoding the four fractions of that protein, are they, α-casein which includes α (S1) and α (S2), β and κ-casein. The study of genetic variants in these genes, seek to investigate alleles, insertions or deletions, which may reflect directly on productive characteristics, indicating differences in the quality, composition and yield of milk. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of polymorphisms in the CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes, in buffalo females of the Mur-rah racial pat tern. The CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes were analyzed in 41 lactating Murrah buffaloes, using nucleotide sequencing. The primer pairs amplified fragments of 313 base pairs (bp) for the CSN1S1 gene, and 350 bp for the CSN3 gene. An SNP was found in the amplified fragment for the CSN1S1 gene, located in nucleotide number 2.123 of the promoter region (5 'UTR), at position nt-258 (A / G), which does not cause any amino acid alteration. The observed genotypic frequencies of this SNP were different from the expected genotypic frequencies (EHW - Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium), and in addition, the observed heterosigosity (Ho) was higher than the expected heterosigosity (He). As for the CSN3 gene, two SNPs nt-98 and nt-102 (nucleotides number 377 and 381 of exon number 4, of the CSN3 gene) were identified in codons 33 (ACC / ATC) and 34 (AC C / AC T) of the analyzed fragment, which correspond to codons 135 and 136 of the mature peptide, and which, once translated, result in the amino acids Threonine (Thr) / Isoleucine (Ile), in the case of the ATC / ACT codons and Threonine / Threonine, for the ACC / ACC ha-plotypes. According to the analyzes, the genotypic and observed frequencies were different for the CSN3 gene. And again, the observed heterosigosity (Ho) was greater than the expected heterosigosity (He), thus suggesting an excess of hetero-zygotes in relation to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model. A new SNP was found in the CSN1S1 gene (5 'UTR) in buffaloes, and another 2 polymorphisms in the CSN3 gene (exon 4) not yet described in buffalo of the Murrah racial pattern, raised under tropical climate, were investigated. Thus, the knowledge of candidate gene polymorphisms in dairy buffalo suggests and encourages studies to be carried out that aim to establish associations between such variants and characteristics of milk production and its derivatives, enabling selection assisted by molecular markers.

Extrato do caroço do açaí como potencial modulador da fermentação ruminal.

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Extrato do caroço do açaí como potencial modulador da fermentação ruminal. Autor(es): SILVA, Camila Cunha da Abstract: Some plant extracts have been considered promising as additives for ruminal modular fermentation. Research into the action of its bioactive compounds was driven by the decision of the European Union that banned the routine use of antibiotics in animal feed, among which the ionophore antibiotics that are the most widespread on the market are included. The açaí seed is a residue generated after processing the fruit for pulp inheritance, its waste corresponds to about 60 to 85% of the fruit and its commercial use is still limited, resulting in an exorbitant excess of this residue. In order to reduce the waste generated by the processing of açaí pulp, new applications for its seed are sought. To this end, studies have shown that the seed contains a considerable amount of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which have antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, with potential for applicability in animal production. The açaí seed extract (ASE) has a higher concentration of polyphenols than the fruit and the bark (28,3%), with a greater antioxidant capacity than the pulp itself. These results show that the part with the highest content of bioactive compounds is being neglected and discarded by the industry. Given this, the objective was to evaluate the effects of açaí seed extract on in vitro digestibility and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters under different dietary conditions. Three experiments were carried out using different roughage:concentrate (r:c) ratios (90:10; 50:50 and 20:80). For each experiment, four doses of ASE were evaluated, namely: 0, 0.3, 3 and 30 mg of ASE/g of substrate. In each experiment, 144 flasks were incubated for 6, 12 and 24 hours in an oven at 39°C. Analyzes were performed to determine in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDM), volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) concentrations. For substrate r:c - 90:10, at 12 and 24 hours of incubation, the inclusion of ASE at a dosage of 0.3 mg/g showed lower IVDMD (p<0.05) when compared to the control treatment. For the r:c - 50:50 substrate, at a 12-hour incubation time, the highest dosages (3 and 30 mg/g) showed higher IVDMD, compared to the treatment without ASE and to the 0.3 mg/g dose of ASE. For the substrate r:c - 20:80, in the incubation times of 12 and 24 hours, dosages 3 and 30 mg/g showed higher IVDMD. Regarding the concentration of N-NH3, for the substrate r:c – 90:10; 50:50 and 20:80 in 24 hours of incubation, the inclusion of the extract did not show significant differences for the concentration of N-NH3. For the 90:10 substrate, the dose of 3 mg ASE/g substrate was lower for the acetate:propionate ratio. The inclusion of ASE has negative effects on IVDMD when the simulated diet has a high fiber content as evidenced in the 90:10 r:c ratio. On the contrary, with high concentrate content (r:c 20:80) the inclusion of 3 and 30 mg of ASE/g of substrate improves IVDMD, indicating that its effects can be positive in diets with high concentrate content.

Características morfológicas e produtivas do capim Mombaça submetido ou não a aplicação de Lithothamnium calcareum e doses de fósforo

Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Características morfológicas e produtivas do capim Mombaça submetido ou não a aplicação de Lithothamnium calcareum e doses de fósforo Autor(es): LEITE, James Luan Noleto Abstract: As in most Brazilian soils, Amazonian soils have low amounts of P, and there is a need for alternatives that optimize the uptake of this element by plants, one of these alternatives is the use of potentiated associated with mineral P fertilization. with this present work to study lithothamnium as a conditioner of phosphate fertilization through morphogenic parameters, and to verify the interaction of lithothamnium with soil and forage in different periods of the year in Pará. sub-divided plot, with effect on time, with the presence or absence of lithotamnium in the plot, in the sub-plot, as doses of phosphorus (60, 80 and 100 Kg of P2O5 ha-1) and in the sub-plot, time of year, dry and rainy . The effects of treatments on production and morphology for the parameters TApF, TAlF, TAlC, TSF, FILOC, NFV, DVF and CMLF were not verified. There was a significant mean difference (P <0.05) when observed and analyzed the results referring to the five cycles within a productive year in different climatic periods. There was a significant mean difference (P <0.05) when observed and analyzed the results referring to the five cycles within a productive year in different climatic periods. The application of lithotamnium did not influence the effect of P doses, factors such as the formation of labile and non-labile P lead to the performance of P doses and, consequently, the performance of the product, the presence of pluviometric indexes distributed in different climatic periods influenced by parameters morphogenic and production.