https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/276 Doutorado em Agronomia Thu, 16 Apr 2026 12:49:58 GMT 2026-04-16T12:49:58Z https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2815 Título: Mitigação de déficit hirdrico e alelopatia por rizobactérias em plantas de arroz de terras altas. Autor(es): RÊGO, Marcela Cristiane Ferreira Abstract: Due to the high global consumption of rice grains and productivity losses caused by abiotic stresses (water deficit and allelopathy), especially in the early stages of crop development, studies seeking to mitigate damage are necessary. In this sense, the objective was to study the possible beneficial effects on the morphology -anatomy and physiology in plants subjected to stress through the use of growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas fluorescens BRM-32111 and Burkholderia pyrrocinia BRM-32113), which were previously selected and identified in earlier studies, was to identify the potential action in upland rice plants. In studies related to water deficit, it was possible to verify that BRM-32113 and BRM-32111 were found to be tolerant to abiotic stresses of salinity, temperature, and drought, and both isolated and combined promoted drought stress tolerance in rice plants in water layers in the soil of up to 30% of field capacity in biomass, relative chlorophyll content, number of leaves, biomass, and root length. Seeds treated with PEG and inoculated with BRM-32111 showed higher germination, and plants had higher Y'am, while plants with BRM 32113 had higher IVG. Plants inoculated with BRM 32111 and BRM-32113 had greater root diameter, number of protoxylem pores, cortex thickness, reduction in stomatal pores, and increase in stomatal density, and increased A, Ci/Ca, WUE, and A/Ci, greater accumulation of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, proline, and reduced MDA. When BRM 32111 and BRM-32113 were tested for the induction of tolerance to allelochemicals, there was an increase in biomass, leaf area, root length and biomass, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a + b, A, A/Ci, and WUE. 220 221 These effects that the isolates BRM 32111 and BRM 32113 induced in plants under stress conditions 222 show efficiency in stimulating the tolerance of upland rice plants 223 to stress with allelochemicals and water deficit. Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2815 2026-02-09T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2814 Título: Demanda hídrica do feijão Caupi no nordeste paraense. Autor(es): FARIAS, Vivian Dielly da Silva Abstract: The knowledge about water needs of crops of great importance for the study of irrigation water management and evapotranspiration are the top main variables of the hydrological cycle. The evapotranspiration of a crop can be measured by lysimeters, or estimated through empirical equations. The use of models related to evapotranspiration allows the establishment of a relationship between the knowledge about the physiological processes that determine yield and irrigation. The main objectives envolve the estimation of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for municipalities that produce cowpea, the determination and estimatation of the crop evapotranspiration (ETC) and the crop coefficients (Kc) for the different stages of cowpea. Thereby, a series of data was collected from an automatic meteorological station that belons to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Then, methods of estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) were compared with the Penman-Monteith method FAO 56 for cowpea producers municipalities. The ETC of the cowpea was determined through drainage lysimeters and by the Bowen ratio method. After, it was estimated by the Penman-Monteith indirect method. For the municipalities of Tracuateua, Bragança, Capitão Poço e Castanhal, the Turc method, Blaney-Criddle-FAO24 and the Multiple Regression function presented the best evaluations for all the statistical criteria, requiring no further adjustments; the Priestley-Taylor, Makking and FAO 24 methods presented excellent results after adjustments. Thus, adjusted equations can be used in the study region. The Camargo and Hargreaves-Samani method obtained the worst evaluation for all municipalities and for all criteria comparison with the other methods. The total water consumption of cowpea was, on average, 267.73 mm day¹. On average during the cowpea cycle, the was 0.66, indicating that the cowpea crop does not decouple completely from the atmosphere under the climatic conditions of Castanhal Pará. The Kc of the cowpea presented an average value of 0.8 in the vegetative phase, 1.4 during the reproductive phase, reaching the final stage with an average value of 0.5. The Penman-Monteith model, with a canopy resistance proposed by Ortega-Farias (1993) (rcO), can be used to estimate the evapotranspiration of cowpea cultivated under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Castanhal Pará. On a daily scale, the model presented greater precision and accuracy for LAI conditions ≥ 3. However, the Penman Monteith model achevied a better estimation for the evapotranspiration of cowpea with the canopy resistance (rc1) estimated from the conductance (gf) proposed by Lima et al. (2016, p.547). Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2814 2026-02-12T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2810 Título: Comportamento morfofisiológico e bioquímico de cultivares de pimenteira do reino (Piper nigrum L) submetidas ao cultivo in vitro com filtrado de cultura de Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis Alb. Autor(es): MORAES, Fabrícia Kelly Cabral Abstract: The plantation of Black pepper (Piper nigrum L) is very expressive in Brazil and, particularly in the state of Pará, since it is mostly grown for exportation and its price has a remarkable variation in the international market. However, one factor which seriously affects its production is the occurrence of fusarium, caused by the fungi Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, which occurs at epidemic levels in crop areas. This paper aimed to find possible differences among the cultivars of black pepper in vitro when submitted to filtrates obtained from the culture of F. solani f. sp. piperis, as well as to check the magnitude of the changes in growth, morphophysiology and biochemical features of P. nigrum. In order to do so, black pepper fruits, from Guajarina, Kottanadan, Balankotta and Singapore cultivars were collected and at Western Amazon Embrapa- Belém/Pará laboratory, seeds were inserted in vitro to grow the plants. At first, the mellow fruits with yellow and red colors, were collected and submitted to pre-sterilization, which comprised: seeds pulping, washing in running water and immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaCIO) at 1.5% during the night in a greenhouse at 37ºC. The seeds were grown in vitro in medium with MS (14 MS), with 3% of saccharose, vitamins, 0.17 elL' NaH,PO; (monobasic sodium phosphate), 0.2% of phytagel. The plants which showed better formation were selected and multiplied by five sub-crops in basic medium of MS culture containing 3% of saccharose, 0.2% of vitamins and 0,2% of phytagel and supplemented with 0.5% mg.L” of 6-benzilaminopurina and 0.2 mg.L”' of indoleacetic acid. The medium pH was adjusted to 5.8 and submitted to autoclaving for 20 minutes under a pressure of 1.5 atm and at 120 ºC. The sprouts multiplied after five sub-crops were fixed onto a medium with 4 MS, 0.2% of vitamins, 3% of saccharose and 0.2% of phytagel and supplemented with 0.05 meg.L' of Naphthaleneacetic acid, and kept under such conditions for four weeks. Plants from the Guajarina cultivar were used for an initial experiment, since this cultivar is the one most grown in the state, and fungal filtrate in doses 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% (v/v). The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8 and submitted to autoclaving for 20 min under pressure of 1.5 atm and 120 ºC. After 45 days from the beginning of the procedure, the morphophysiological aspects were then assessed. Morphological changes and growth decrease were observed on the Guajarina cultivar from the dose with 20% of fungal filtrate. The alterations observed were in the root length, number of roots, numbers of leaves and leaf area, proportionally reduced as long as the concentration of fungal filtrate increased. Thus, the fungal filtrate in medium in any concentration causes alteration on the in vitro growth of plants from the Guajarina cultivar. Doses with 30% or more were considered efficient to be used in other experiment. Another experiment with black pepper from four cultivars of P. nigrum (Singapore, Balankotta, Kottanadan and Guajarina), cultivated in vitro and submitted to a filtrate obtained from a culture of F. solani f. sp. piperis was done. Plants rooted onto a medium with MS (74 MS), 0.2% if vitamins, 3% of saccharose and 0,2% of phytagel and supplemented with 0.05 me.L Naphthaleneacetic acid for four weeks were transferred to test tubes containing medium of 4 MS and fungal filtrate in doses 0% and 35% (v/v), kept in growth rooms under controlled conditions with photoperiod of 16 hours with luminous intensity of 3000 lux and temperature of 25 + 2ºC, and evaluated after this period in relation to alterations in growth, biochemical and morphological features. Growth decrease and morphological changes were observed on the cultivars when submitted to the action of the fungal filtrate. The filtrate of fungal culture caused morphophysiological changes mainly in the root systems of the cultivars of black peppers in vitro. The fungal filtrate caused decreases in the total biomass production and in the relative growth rate of P. nigrum plants, except the cultivar Kottanadan. We also observed that the fungal filtrate decreases the concentration of proteins in the black pepper cultivars. Changes in the contents of glucose, fructose and starch were also noticed on the cultivars of Guajarina and Kottanadan. Therefore, the cultivars of P. nigrum present distinct morphophysiological, biochemical and growth-related responses once under action of the fungal filtrate, so that the Singapore cultivar is the most susceptible to the fungal filtrate and the least susceptible is the Kottanadan cultivar.; Black pepper is the most important spice in nowadays world trade and has a great economical importance for Brazil and for the state of Pará. However. The state productivity has a remarkable oscillation due to many factors, mainly the phytosanitary ones. The filtrate of the fungi Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis has been used to evaluate the sensibility of plants in vitro. The Fusarium disease causes several symptoms, even the plant death. This paper aimed to determine, from the changes in morphophysiology and in growth, the magnitude of such changes in plants of Guajarina cultivar in vitro under effect of a filtrate of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis in medium. In order to do this, the seeds were grown in vitro and the resulting plants were used as sources of explants for the micropropagation process. The sprouts multiplied after five sub-crops were fixed in amedium with 42 MS, 0.2% of vitamins, 3% of saccharose and 0.2% of pPhytagel and supplemented with 0.05 mg.L of Naphthaleneacetic acid. The medium pH was adjusted to 5.8 and submitted to autoclaving for 20 minutes under pressure of 1.5 atm at 120ºC, and kept under such condition for four weeks. The plants were kept in growth room under controlled temperature, photoperiod and luminous intensity conditions. After this period, they were transferred to test tubes containing medium with 4 MS and fungal filtrate in doses O, 20, 30, 40 and 50% (vv). The plants were kept in growth-room for 45 days and then had their changes in morphology (number of leaves, number of roots and roots length) and growth (fresh and dry mass of roots and leaves) assessed. Morphological changes on plants from the cultivar Guajarina were noticed from doses with 20% of fungal filtrate. The changes noticed were in the root length, number of roots, number of leaves and leaf area, proportionaliy reduced as long as the concentration of fungal filtrate increased. Thus, the fungal filtrate in medium at any concentration causes changes on in vitro growth of plants from black pepper Guajarina cultivar. Reductions on growth are remarkable from doses with 30%. Total nitrogen in the stalk and leaves of P. nigrum was reduced once in the presence of the fungal filtrate, probably due to chlorosis and to leaf senescence. Total carbon in the plants parts with presence of fungal filtrate also increased. Doses equal or above 30% were considered efficient to be used in another experiment.; Remarkable is the economical and social expression of the black pepper cultivation in Brazil and particularly in the state of Pará. The phytosanitary problems are among the main jeopardizing factors for the state productivity. The fusarium disease stands out, since it may bring the plant to death. The filtrate of the causative agent of this disease, the fungi Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, has been used to evaluate the susceptibility of in vitro plants. This paper aimed to assess the sensibility of four cultivars of nigrum (Simgapore, Balankotta, Kottanadan e Guajarina) grown in vitro to F. solani f. sp. piperis culture filtrates by evaluating the magnitude of morphophysiological changes related to the plants development aiming to test the hypothesis that there are different behaviors among the genetic material comprising responses to the toxins from the fungal filtrate over the physiological and growth-related parameters. To do this, seeds were grown in vitro in medium with MS (14 MS), with 3% of saccharose, vitamins, 0.17 g.L”" NaH,PO, (monobasic sodium phosphate), 0.2% of phytagel, pH adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving at 121ºC for 20 minutes and cultivation conditions as 25 + 3 ºC and photoperiod of 16 h of light. The plants were used as sources of explants (stalk apex and nodal segments) for micropropagation. During the five sub-cultivations, the sprouts were multiplied in a basic medium with MS culture containing 3% of saccharose, vitamins and 0.2% of phytagel and supplemented with 0.05 mg.L of 6- benzilaminopurina and 0.2 mg.L” of indoleacetic acid and had the pH adjusted to 5.8 before being autoclaved for 20 minutes. The sprouts multiplied after the five sub-cultivations were fixed in a medium with 4 MS, 0.2% of vitamins, 3% of saccharose and 0.2% of phytagel and supplemented with 0.05 mg.L' of Naphthaleneacetic acid for four weeks and then transferred to test tubes containing medium with 14 MS and fungal filtrate in doses of O and 35% (v/v). The plants were kept in growth-room under controlled conditions, photoperiod of 16 hours and luminous intensity of 3000 lux and temperature of 25 + 3ºC, and then evaluated in relation to changes in morphology and growth. Morphological changes and growth decreases were noticed on the cultivars once submitted to the action of the fugal filtrate, mainly on their root systems. The fugal filtrate caused decreases on the total biomass production and on the relative growth rate of P. nigrum plants, except the cultivar Kottanadan, and also caused decrease on the proteins concentration, besides changes on the glucose, fructose and starch contents of the cultivars Guajarina e Kottanadan. Therefore, the cultivars of P. nigrum show different morphophysiological, biochemical and growth-related responses when under action of the fungal filtrate, so that the Singapore cultivar was the most susceptible to the filtrate and the Kottanadan was the least susceptible one. Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2810 2026-02-03T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2778 Título: Constituintes químicos de duas espécies de musgos (Bryophyta) e ação de seus extratos sobre Spodopiera frugiperda (J. E SMITH) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho (Zea mays L.). Autor(es): MORAES, Eryka de Nazaré Rezende Abstract: Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are widely distributed plants in the world with approximately 15,100 species. The chemical analyzes of this group began in the nineteenth century and in recent decades, the phytochemical researches of the bryophytes constituents and their biological activity is progressing. This is possible due to the greater understanding of the biology of their species and the progressive refinement in analytical techniques. Approximately 1,000 species of bryophytes have been analyzed for their chemical and the results demonstrated that the identified substances are of interest, belonging to the classes of terpenes, aromatic and phenolic compounds, aldehydes, steroids, acetogenins, alkaloids (flavonoids), tannins, saponins, fatty acids, cardiac glycosides, which showed characteristic aromas, bitter or pungent taste, besides exhibiting medicinal, antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antifeedant, cytotoxic, and other properties. In Brazil, the chemical knowledge is confined to two works of bryophytes. Facing a promising field for the science and considering the scientific evidences, the present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Sematophyllum subsimplex (Hedw.) Mitt. and Leucobryum martianum (Hormnsch.) Hampe ex Múll. Hal. occurring in the Brazilian Amazon, and assess the bioactivity of its compounds in controlling of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the second instar on com. The collections were made in Parque Ecológico de Gunma, municipality of Santa Bárbara, Pará State, the material was dried under the sun and kept refrigerated. The process for identifying, sorting, and dehydration was performed and the volatile constituents were obtained by micro simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in Thermo system. The extract was obtained by trituration and cold maceration with PA ethanol and diluted in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Five treatments were applied (2.0, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 ug/uL. and the control with DMSO) for the realization of mortality and antifeedant tests in larvae of second instar of S. frugiperda with evaluation at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The experimental data were subjected to analysis of variance, for antifeedant and their means compared by Mann-Whitney U test and for mortality was applied Fischer's test with Tocher's modification. 42 chemical constituents were identified belonging to the group of terpenes, fatty acids, aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, esters and ethers. The aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene obtained the highest relative area in both species, the safrole compound is found for the first time in moss. According to the analyzes of the volatile compound, it is possible to estimate that studied species are sources of terpenes, fatty acids, aromatic aldehydes. The bioassays with S. subsimplex revealed that the concentration of 0.25 ug/uL were positive for the antifeedant effect after 24 hours and increased mortality in all treatment concentrations, suggesting toxic effect. To Leucobryum martianum, the application of the extract suggested antifeedant effect independent of concentration, and in mortality the treatment in the concentration of 0.25 ug /uL presented a possible toxic effect after 48 hours. It was concluded that the concentration of 0.25 ug/uL is sufficient to control the caterpillar in the second instar. This work is the first in Brazil to test the insecticide effects and/or antifeedant activity of species of mosses selected for the study, serving as a resource for future works that may also embark to this promising branch that is the knowledge of the active chemical constituents of bryophytes. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2778 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z